In the paper
by Khuako and Kumpilova on the basis of
the literature review carried out in the beginning, regarding the topic of
science popularization, it is supposed to cover the relevant concepts. This
allows going into the details of the structure of science agitators, emerging
in
Introduction
Tangible static transformations are inherent in modern
society. Despite the classic attitudes developed by Soviet scientists (for
example, Golub and Rozental [4], as well
as by Rakhmanin [9] in their conceptuality or
by Soper [10] in his practicality), the changes are caused by a serious complex
of economic, technocratic, social and political circumstances. Undoubtedly, any
passing era creates (and many times) previously unknown difficulties. The
pivotal factors that generate such transformations include technical advances,
in particular, those affecting
information schemes and strategies. In addition, the appeal to the market,
which has been in force in
First of all, the impact of science on modern progress
(both the society and the individual) is quite noticeable. Moreover, the end-user
is far from being inclined to relate the available existing accommodations to the revolution of science and
technology. This is because scientific success is already familiar in the existing realities. It can be also argued
that the current consumer is obliged to own some scientific aggregate in order
to exercise own civil rights, freedoms, and
obligations.
In the second place, in relation to the activity of
science, it is possible to trace the presence of difficulties in recognition,
which can be seen in language dissimilarity (both ordinary and academic), in the
level of information details, in
contradictions between carriers of general and narrow scientific knowledge. In
this way, in today’s world society, being in continuous, intensive scientific
and technical progression, the task of awareness of its members about the
activities of science is very topical. When the influence of scientific and
technical conditions is a sign of a conditional refreshment of popularization, being widespread both in the Russian Federation
(RF) and around the globe, the transformation under the influence of the market
is a symptom more distinct in Russia due to a number of social and political
circumstances of the new century, generating problems previously unknown to the
Russian science (as evidenced, for example, by a modern publicist Timofeeva,
quoting Gromova, in her claims to the “intelligentsia today” [12]).
At the same time, scientific communicativeness is
required and therefore is developing; it is required not only within the academic
team but also outside of it – in the contact of the researcher and society.
Consequently, there are certain tangibly significant aspects: the way how
science is perceived in social thinking, and the way it is possible to really
edit its archetype. This can be done as follows: introduce and promote the
discoveries made; oppose the introduction of false information or unverified
concepts; thereby promote a positive transformation of social and scientific
contact. In particular, the British Association for the Advancement of Science, established already in the 19th
century (1831), called its own key goal the spread of scientific popularity in
society. According to Gordienko, “In the first half of the 19th century,
signs of the business press were finally
formed in the printed media” [5, p. 51]. In a similar way, it was supposed to guarantee the implementation of research
projects, to promote the expansion of the scientific space. The pursuit of
scientific popularity in the modern world, at the time when it acts as a
compulsory share in the social status of each state, is actually considered the
goal of the whole nation. The public credibility of the acting scientific field
is transformed in a mobile way, being reproduced in the thinking of the members
of society as fresh typical images. Activities aimed at scientific
popularization can be regarded as a public
propaganda, which seeks to produce, among others, power.
The need for a consistent conviction of citizens in the
scientific merits is proclaimed in a number of official legal acts that
structure the educational environment (the Act on Education, etc.) [14, p.
1326]. Nevertheless, the chronicle of the progression of such a mobile and
active tool as Russian TV scientific popularization seems to be neglected and
grim since the temporary rise that preceded the restructuring was replaced by a
protracted and solid decline, continuing from the 1990s and to date. The
results of the sociopolitical and economic modifications in perestroika and in
subsequent
A greater number of Russian projects
of the scientific course appeared unprepared for competition with the so-called
“consumer projects”, i.e. widespread entertainment and consumer needs.
Moreover, foreign programs that popularize science for an ordinary client
appeared much more powerful. Such weakness in the domestic market predetermined
the departure from the arena of most of the relevant shows. Only a few
(including very active during the Soviet era, in fact, monopolists for TV – “Health”, “Obvious-unbelievable”, “In
the World of Animals”, “Club of Travelers”) stayed within the framework of
domestic television. The first three of these shows were able to survive the
social transformations occurring in the 1990s, to adjust to the new country and
remain valid until today, creating a competitive environment in the media
market. Although in the new time, these long-term projects, recognized and of
sufficient quality, invariably change their time on TV. This causes such
activity defects as the loss of viewers, the lack of stable broadcasting time, and not always optimal adjustment to the business plan of the channel.
The popular science path can influence
both society as a whole and a share of the
population. In particular, its share, such as young people, is capable, in
turn, of tangibly affecting national development. Therefore, if the formation
of young people directly or indirectly felt the scientific popularization, this
could not but affect the state in subsequent years. Today, Russian TV is broadcasting a certain number of shows
that are aimed at motivating youth activity. These are “U.M.NI.K.”, “Kulibin”
and others. At the same time, in the course of reforming television in the RF,
such a line was expanded through other programs (“Seekers”, “Geniuses and
Villains”, “No Way Notes”). However, most
of the broadcasts that have appeared on the air over the past decade have been
unable to gain a foothold in the current, everyday TV network. Thus, such lack
of demand for the works of various directors who acted as scientists testifies
to the low interest of the youth in somewhat academic spending of time. This,
in turn, leads to the conclusion about the relevance of the subject under
consideration in Russian society today.
In addition, due to the ambiguity of the domestic TV industry, the sector of
good, rational, and mobile for the mass of viewers popular science TV in
Methods
Now, let us make a turn further to the
means of popularization. Among those of interest are those that have a media
form and those popularizing images in which the instrument (the word itself) is
viewed in the foreground. Meantime, reactions or direct interaction with the
object under study are actually or perceptibly absent. As a result, the
tangible basis for the preparation and development of popular science courses
and cycles inherent in the professionals of the last century, which was a
significant factor for the subsequent progress in this field, has disappeared
over the past few decades. Such a situation implies the need to find directions
aimed at overcoming gloomy symptoms in the media – popularizing science. Also,
a search for potencies is required that restore scientific popularity in the
Russian TV environment. A tangible goal in this activity can be considered the
transformation of traditional or vague information into valid and interesting
information for the reader (viewer). Practically, scientific popularization is
the transformation of materials found in the process of scientific examination
into an object that is understandable and even entertaining for a layperson. In
such an environment and in this form, the social information function of
science seeks materialization. Therefore, the scientific element should
contribute to such a broadcast in terms of popularity. In a different
situation, science does not have the spiritual stimulus to demand government
support in a modern society.
The originator of the popular science information is a
person denoted as “popularizer”, that is, a certain connoisseur who created a
text work that carries information and may be related to different genre types.
For example, it is obvious that any intelligent person can use the newspaper structure
as an instrument during a speech act. Moreover, the functions of popularizers
in the newspaper sphere are assumed by prose writers, poets, media workers, and
researchers.
As a result, the RF is being filled with an increasing
number of professionals acting in the popular science direction.
Results
For centuries in the
West, a line with the presence of some areas and committees, comprising scientists,
businessmen and social activists, solving
urgent problems for society, is admissible. In addition, the experience of
foreign countries in the execution of single projects that carry the scientific
popularity of mass media methods is able to make it possible for the RF. It
dissolves a series of probabilities of influence on the formation of science,
as well as a gallery of state-owned media of scientific popularization.
Possible outcomes of the current bodies have instructive tools for many of the
participants in the flow. Essential transformations consist in the emergence of scientific configurations,
as a result of which new ones conquer previously unknown properties. Quantitative
transformations are ensured by enhancing information flows, as well as the
number of sources of information multiplication. The case (casus) method is possible here, active in the
modern world, i.e., a small literary work that allows not only obtaining information but also immersing in the
atmosphere of what is happening. This helps a person described imagine being in
a real life situation, and not just solve
a complex task [13].
Considering the
television system of scientific popularization in foreign countries, it is
permissible to understand: there is a whole series of operating devices, the
main task of which is the introduction into the mass of scientific popularity.
In order to uncover a large number of problems of science, prime-time is
optimal, comprising an extensive large-scale state project to promote a healthy
lifestyle, which also included scientific propaganda. The following are
considered activists of foreign scientific popularization. In the
In general, the available fresh
information channels reveal the effect on scientific popularity not only
directly but also indirectly. The transformation of information understanding
methods is developing in front of our eyes. They lead to the production of a
previously unknown cultural type, which may differ as episodic. Assessing
foreign expertise in the reality of the domestic media “bazaar”, it is
permissible to express a version. This is
a situation where a launch of the
All-Russian popular science channel at the expense of the state budget will
remain ignored by the authorities. The ability of a consumer to freely dispose
of an information resource (for example, by skipping over channels or footnotes);
moreover, even the willingness to directly respond to available information and
motives, to react to objects, even those with conditional matter – everything
above to some extent forges the need for a special component, apparently
distinguished from standard types of scientific popularity. In addition, the
study of the peculiarities of the scientific popularity of humanitarian
information is considered permissible and productive.
In this case, the prospect of using a
heterogeneous funding model is a challenge. This implies crediting at the price of a relatively low monthly cost with budget deposits, advertising profits and interest on other keys. Consequently, an ordinary client of today's media tools is not well
positioned to adequately comprehend texts of different complexity. Instead, he/she
chooses close information, influence on all kinds of body organs, their
mobility, and color. Speaking about the
state assistance of scientific popularization abroad, it should be emphasized
that the direct budgetary influence on such tools is not accepted as a
traditional rule.
Discussion
By regulating media and scientific relations, such
specialists can be united into productive professional teams. Combining the
intention to focus the attention of the general public at a scientific product,
the information cells that are obliged to do so can significantly influence the
value priorities in today's clientele society. Corresponding educational and
methodical guidelines are being developed. So, for example, the St. Petersburg
National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics
offers a master's degree in Scientific Communication. Such experts construct in
the minds of the public a multifaceted and positive image of science, refining
and introducing allegations about the significant rigor of searching for
information in various information springs. In particular, according to a
modern researcher Sukhenko, professional groups seeking scientific
popularization of knowledge can be classified as follows: “1) scientists
seeking to justify the social significance of their profession (general
promotion); support mutual understanding between colleagues working in
different areas; to attract new staff to science (special popularization); 2)
the government interested in increasing the level of adequacy of
decision-making, both in authorities and in
expression of the public opinion; 3) the business interested in ensuring the
flow of qualified personnel; 4) the society aimed at meeting the fundamental
needs of each person in cognition of the surrounding reality and sustainable
development” [11, p. 18].
In spite of the specialty in which the
agitator of science operates, he/she is obliged to possess core professional
features. This, first of all, is a thorough possession of specific information,
and, secondly, rhetorical skills that guarantee the correct presentation of
this information in a language understandable to the addressee. Moreover, the
addressee is obliged to realize and take into account the fact that the ordinary practice of a journalist is little for
the making of a popular science product. Since the mass focus on human
knowledge spreads around the planet over a few centuries, and the cognitive
scientific layer is deepening and constantly expanding from century to century,
only those who have undergone a thorough and high-quality study can exercise
effective scientific activity. It requires, in this case, enhanced immersion in
some close, solid scientific profession. In addition, there should be an
extensive theoretical base in the sphere of the conceptual apparatus and the
current position of the leading scientific lines existing in society. His/her
work is based on a very specific writing manner, adequately perceived only by fellow
colleagues. Despite this, although he/she continues own intellectual
development (including on a planetary scale), financing of the process is more
often manifested only at the social level. This contradicts the fact that such
an activity, if it is present, must
significantly improve the career and the salary of a specialist.
For the second dozen of post-perestroika years,
developing information strategies continue to exert on scientific
popularization both direct (the emergence of previously unknown, the
transformation of established types) and conditional influence. Such an impact
is caused by the modification of information recognition methods by the mass
addressee, to which scientific distributors must adapt.
A possible model of inculcating scientific popularity
is any stable, actually displayed instrument of communication between society
and science. This can be used to disseminate scientific information among the
spacious masses while simultaneously building up the scientific positive pattern
in mass thinking. A typical manifestation of such a model can be considered its
typical systematization, which may contain the potential for reporting popular
scientific information, developed by researchers. The developers of the problem
during a certain chrono-series (not just one year) could work in this popularization
sphere, using or at the same time observing various types of similar activities
for different age groups and drawing a typical classification. In particular,
the systematization of scientific popularization types presented in a thesis by
Diveyeva (Voronezh, 2015) contains events both of different genres (note, film,
article, monograph, etc.) and different layers (popular science television and
radio programs, mass media (popular science magazine, television channel),
various institutions (museums, “cities of science”), events (popular science
lectures, science festivals, large-scale national and international programs),
as well as types of constructing joint activity (competitions, coteries, clubs)
[6, p. 9].
In particular, in the current second decade of the new
century, a
Media models of the development of scientific
popularity of concern for the authors depend on direct information channels.
The balance of these ingredients is also determined by a number of
circumstances: the financial condition of the territory; the presence of
successful businessmen there who can spend money on a signboard; the wealth of
residents; the isolation of the editorial team from the authorities; the available
business potency of editors. All this is applicable in a situation where “media
means of (mass) communication are technical means of creating, recording,
copying, replicating, storing, distributing, perceiving information and
exchanging it between a subject (the author of a media text) and an object (a
mass audience)” [7, 158].
Substantial scientific popularization is an indispensable
element of the progressing science of every state. The need for mastering the
ability of a clear, simple construction of texts compels to look for tools that
are used to convey different information. The degree of the popularization of scientific texts and the
extent of their dissemination vividly illustrate the perception of science by
the current society. They allow conclusions to be drawn about the specifics of
the government strategy in this area, including the ownership of media instruments
by authorities. “And such a specific quality of a newspaper, as its
universality – the desire to display in it all aspects of life that interest a
person and society, attracts its citizens to it” [3, p. 105]. On the global
information field, the demand for the progression of printed structures at the
multinational level can be considered the most popular. It is necessary to
modernize such a construction in the direction of saturating and taking into account
national requests of Russia’s ethnic groups, which Amerkhanova emphasizes in her
paper today: “Obviously, this is due to the fact that the historiography
dedicated to this aspect went through several stages in its development” [1, p.
2]. Undoubtedly, the decline of interest in scientific activity traced in modern
In contrast to the scientific literature, which
appeals to the relatively limited and, as a rule, professionally homogeneous audience,
popularization is always designed to expand the audience and, as a result, is
connected with the search for means, including speech, to establish contact
with the reader. In this regard, for the popularization of science, the
communicative aspect is quite significant. From this point of view, the figures
of the sender and the addressee (recipient) of the message, as well as the
purpose of communication, are important. It is within the framework of this
model that one can use each of the media tools identified in Sukhenko’s systematization, potentially
positioned to disseminate scientific information. Each of the five points cited
is able to line up under this model of the speech act, necessarily assuming the
sender and the addressee with a certain communication purpose: 1) the media,
which are distinguished by a wide audience, as well as powerful efficiency during the speech act; 2) popular science
lectures with such significant signs as virtuality and direct access to
information in the real mode; 3) nonfiction literature, carrying publications
widely distributed in science; 4) popular science journals, publishing
scientific news articles, “columns of interesting data, photo reports”,
allowing illustration in the form of “tables, references, interesting facts”;
5) Internet tool that can include the above tools and, in particular, make them
mobile, since participants are immediately able to respond to what they have
received [11, p. 19].
In addition to the last (fifth) point, the Internet is used by traditional
media not only as a distribution channel
but also for promotion purposes. There are three main options for the presence
of traditional media on the Internet: 1) traditional media have offices on the
Internet (among them are “In the World of Science” and “Science First-Hand” magazines,
“24Tekhno” TV channel); 2) traditional media use electronic distribution
channels along with traditional ones (as an example, “Popular Mechanics”, “Discovery”,
“Science in Focus”, “Science Illustrated”, “Science and Life”, “Chemistry and
Life 21st century”, “Technology for Youth”, “Knowledge – power”, “Around the World”,
TV programs “EXperiments”, “Academia”, “Technopark”, etc.); 3) traditional
media are completely virtualized, that is, they do not exist on paper and have
only electronic form (“NakedScience” magazine,
PodFM service, “Simplescience” channel)
[2].
Within the limits of
visual technical achievements in today’s world, the material saturation failure
remains sufficiently significant for regional media. The system of local
printing, which significantly needs serious investments, today often survives
mainly through energetic volunteers. More often in some or other Russian
region, the only state-owned printing house, which plays an imperious role, hardly
remains. This limits the course of presentations,
gives them a one-sided defect and one-wayness,
which forces one to doubt the future productivity for publications. Analyzing
the possibilities of modern Russian “popular science projects in the national TV
commercial broadcasting networks at the state level”, Konstantinova emphasizes
the potential of using tactical tools such as “developing and introducing a
clear system of requirements for program strategies of federal channels that
involve socially significant educational programs, imposing an obligation on TV
channels to take part in the production and broadcast of popular science TV
content, approval of the system of tax benefits for companies investing in TV
projects popularizing science” [8].
Now
let us turn from technical means to those with which a competent reader will
react to the word that appeared before him/her on the page. A text product is created
with a focus on the fact that it will be adequately perceived (often – thought
out) by the consumer, the role of which is often played by the readership
interested in this product. As a result, the creator is obliged to clearly
delineate the recipient, as well as correctly assess what is required of him/her
and from the information placed in the text. “For example, a textbook could
include purely scientific research on the relationship between the
verbalization of similarities and differences of objects when solving
cognitive-communicative tasks, but most of the student readers will not
understand it” [13, p. 52].
Some scientists formulate
their statements in a too sophisticated way; this text is so confusing that it
is difficult to understand even for a fellow colleague. At the same time, the
transformation towards simplification, popularization of the narrated could
significantly increase the number of people who want to see a study. In
relation to a strictly scientific form, popular science does not at all insist
on the maximum verification of the content and obligatory citation. According
to Georgiev, a researcher of the 1980s, “The accessibility of a newspaper as a
means of communication, information exchange and its receipt ensures its democracy, the ability to use its
services for any member of society” [3, p. 105]. In media stylistics, brevity,
some simplicity and conversationalism are sufficiently permitted, fragmentariness is possible. However, such
stylistic admissibility does not at all imply the permissiveness of the
language of any scientific text. Popularization is permissible only when the
stated work is aimed at a wide, ubiquitous client. Thus, the language of a
popular science text is perceptibly visible, differing substantially from the
language of science. Developed on the basis of the common literary style, its
popular science version differs from the scientific writing manner. It can
rather be considered closer to the official business style. In it, colloquialism
is more permissible, short syntactic forms are preferred, and complex syntactic
constructions are actually prohibited. This specificity is aimed at the
ordinary reader, accustomed to the street dialect, which allows facilitating
the accessibility of the popularized text and speed up its entry into the
credibility of the client.
An independent administrative set of tools for
enhancing attention to science in society is the organization of all sorts of
artistic, aesthetic and event activities focused on the presentation of
scientific success. Moreover, during the preparation, planning, and implementation of such projects, one should
take into account local ethnic attitudes that influence the scientific
progression in a given country. Today, such forms, as Sukhenko puts, “scientific
festivals, theaters, podcasts, audio editions of popular science journals,
interactive scientific museums, scientific cafes, online interviews of
scientists, scientific automobile races, etc.” can be regarded as optimally in
demand [11, p. 21].
In the first place among the events organized, in the
authors’ opinion, is the formation of both periodically (episodically)
functioning and constant (permanent) exposition series or exhibitions on a
given theme, common for participants. This is because such a form is directly
capable of promoting progress in the practical
application of scientific knowledge, that is, practical implementation, in
bringing science theories closer to everyday life (for example, Knowledge Day).
The exposition events are dedicated to the scientific and technical
achievements of mankind in various information fields, their theory and
practice. In this direction, it is possible to create at exhibitions such event
complexes as the Week of Knowledge or the Festival of Science [8].
The most popular in the exposition field is one of the
standard forms influential in the Soviet culture, which today does not refuse
virtualization, but preserves constancy, namely, the museum form. Today, as an
instrument that objectively reflects scientific potencies and corresponding
successes can be considered, undoubtedly, a science museum, the degree of
effectiveness of which is revealed by scientists today. Thia, for example, is stated by Cheltybashev and Kurlyandskaya, who
conducted a study of the productivity of application of this form of science popularization.
The role of the subject of study was played by the hall of the museum “Kola
North: History, Culture, Education” opened at
Also, organizational and event mechanisms can be
considered potentially available for the introduction of tools of scientific
popularity. From the standpoint of the organized activity, scholars recognize the
battles of scientists on the go (i.e. Science Slam) in a rather entertaining
format. This form, among other organizational events, is transformed into media
spaces; it is also permissible to call this a serious focus on the progress of
scientific popularity. Within the scenario limits (more often, in cafes, clubs,
etc.), friendly researchers appear in front of the applauding audience for a
dozen minutes, presenting information about their projects and achievements. In
this case, they strive to clearly and expressively explain to the client their
professional success, relying on the personal authority in science.
The development of a specific political scenario, the
development of a newly-established institutional leadership usually declares
itself via a previously unknown publication. Such an advertising leaflet acts
as a tool of collection and attraction, bringing its admirers into a single
whole, significantly indivisible. If this does not happen, the press seeks to
quickly adjust the constant and required contact with any periodical, to use it
for transforming into a genuine science microphone when introduced into the
crowds of admirers. Often, during this campaign, the standard way of using a
camera is consistent with the secrecy. For example, hidden video cameras are
tacitly located near a hypermarket’s cargo site. The narrator informs the
public that from minute to minute people will see the group stealing of the
national property. At the same time, a truck slows down at the store shelves,
and the movers in work clothes (in fact, the journalist’s acquaintances) start
loading bags into the truck. A few minutes later, one of the merchants is at
last beginning to be interested in what is being done. The laconic response
about the order of the boss calms him down enough. The truck departs fairly
calmly, and the journalist has the opportunity to come out of the cache and
start a condemning discussion about unreliable security systems in the RF trade
sector. This kind of reporting is called choreographed. A similar event
apparatus is inherent in the organization of many not only domestic socio-political
and economic plots but also in the predominant number of other relevant blocs
in many other countries. Further, the authors consider how productively and
adequately
Conclusion
Consequently, the production of socially
located media, meeting the aspirations of not just vast communities but also of
specific participants, is not a primitive goal, but an accessible one.
Moreover, as the chronicle of civilized states proves, it must be resolved
directly in the power ranks. In this way, scientific popularization is looking
for fresh ways to reach the public. This tactic of scientific popularization
was tested for the first time in the 19th century’s
The intense conviction of popularizers in
relation to the strengthening of the scientific status in
References:
1.
Amerkhanova,
L.R. (2013). Stanovlenie i razvitie
ingushskoi natsionalnoi periodicheskoi pechati v pervoi
treti XX v.: Avtoref. … kand. filol. nauk [Formation and Development of Ingush National Periodic press
in the First Third of the 20th Century (Ph.D. Thesis Abstract)].
2.
Astvatsaturov,
A. (n.d.). Internet Projects:
Human Resource Is Important.
Retrieved March 18, 2019, from https://mediajobs.ru/career/artem-astvacaturov-internet-proekty-vazhen-chelovechesk
3. Georgiev,
D. (1979). Rezhissura
gazety [Directing
a Newspaper].
4.
Golub, I.B.,
& Rozental, D.E. (1993). Sekrety khoroshei rechi [Secrets of Good Speech].
5.
Gordienko,
O.Yu. (2016). Vzaimovliyanie sovremennogo
biznesa i sredstv massovoi informatsii [Mutual Influence
of Modern Business and Mass Media]. Vestnik TSU, 2(2(6)).
6. Diveyeva, N.V. (2015). Populyarizatsiya nauki kak
raznovidnost massovykh kommunikatsii v usloviyakh novykh informatsionnykh
tekhnologii i rynochnykh otnoshenii: Avtoref. diss. … k. filol. nauk [Popularization of Science as a Type of Mass
Communications in the Conditions of New Information Technologies and Market
Relations (Ph.D. Thesis Abstract)].
7.
Diveyeva,
N.V. (2014). Osnovnye napravleniya
vozdeistviya novykh informatsionnykh tekhnologii na populyarizatsiyu nauki [The Main Directions of the Impact of New Information
Technologies on the Popularization of Science]. Izvestiya of the
Southern
8. Konstantinova,
E.G. (2009). Populyarizatsiya nauki na sovremennom rossiiskom ekrane: krizis
napravleniya i puti preodoleniya [Popularization
of Science on the Modern Russian Screen: Crisis Directions and Ways to Overcome].
Retrieved March 18,
2019, from http://www.mediascope.ru
9. Rakhmanin, L.V. (1984). Stilistika delovoi rechi i redaktirovanie
sluzhebnykh dokumentov [The Style of Business
Speech and Editing Official Documents] (3rd ed., amended).
10.
Soper, P. (1992). Osnovy iskusstva rechi [Basic Public Speaking] (Trans. from English, 2nd ed.,
amended).
11.
Sukhenko, N.V. (2014). Spetsifika
populyarizatsii nauki v Rossii [Specificity of the Popularization of Science in
12.
Timofeeva, O. (2013, March 15). Natalya
Gromova: Kriki “vinoven” smenyayutsya uzhasom [Natalya Gromova: Shouts of “Guilty”
are Replaced by Horror]. Novaya gazeta, 28.
13. Khuako, F.N. (2008). Osnovy spichraiterstva dlya referentov [The Basics of Speechwriting for Referents]. Maikop: MSTU.
14. Cheltybashev, A.A., & Kurlyandskaya, I.P. (2014). Populyarizatsiya nauki kak sredstvo povysheniya interesa molodezhi k issledovatelskoi deyatelnosti [Popularization of Science as a Means of Increasing the Interest of Young People in Research Activities]. Fundamentalnye issledovaniya, 5-6, 1325-1328.
Опубл.: Khuako F.N., Kumpilova A.R. Popularization of science via mass media in the Russian federation today // International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology. – 2019. – 8 (4). – Р. 972-978 (Scopus)